![]() Today, vector network analyzers are all automated (error correction is built in). ![]() The next step was to build the error correction into the test equipment (no external computer) and display the error-corrected measurements in nearly real time (the original HP 8510, circa 1982). A minicomputer (about equal to a 1000-watt, five-dollar calculator) grabbed the vector data from the 8409, and did some fancy manipulations that resulted in automatic error correction and accurate magnitude and phase of the four S-parameters. Then the first automated network analyzers were introduced. ![]() Gain and insertion loss and phase were calculated from the complex power ratio of two measurements (first a through connection and then the DUT connection). Return loss measurements could not exceed the raw directivity of the equipment, so you couldn't resolve beyond 20 dB return loss in most cases. A long time ago during the Carter administration, the original network analyzer (H-P 8409) was not automated, in the sense that test equipment error correction was done by hand. ANA stands for automated network analyzer. vector network analyzers (VNAs) are often called "ANAs" by older, "distinquished" gentlemen like the Unknown Editor. Vector network analyzersĪ word about acronyms concerning network analyzers. Vector analyzers are capable of measuring complex (magnitude and phase) reflection and transmission scalar analyzers only measure magnitude. Network analyzers fall into two categories. Click here to see how smoothing can be used to improve group delay measurements (this is NOT cheating!) ![]() Click here to go to our main page on microwave measurementsĬlick here to go to our main page on S-parametersĬlick here to learn how to extract effective dielectric from sample transmission line measurementsĬlick here to go to our page on reference planesĬlick here to learn how (not) to trash a cal kit!Ĭlick here to go to our page on RF probingĬlick here to go to our page on "Smoothing is cheating!" It offers an example of using smoothing to pass a VSWR specification.
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